Question Index
All 426 questions answered on this site, in one list — and which page answers each one.
Short answer
What is this page for?
Every one of the 426 questions answered on this site, in one list. Find the question, follow the link; the answer sits on its own page with its source and, where relevant, the calculation.
The answers are deliberately not copied here. The same answer living at two addresses splits the reader and confuses a search engine. This page is an index: it tells you where a question is answered.
Questions are grouped by section; you can also jump straight to a section from the links below.
If your question is not listed, ask us: contact page or info@aksco.com.tr. Recurring questions get added to this index.
The list narrows as you type. If you type several words, only questions containing all of them are shown. Press Esc while the box is focused to clear it.
Procurement guides — 99 questions
Long-form guides. Questions that need a figure, a rule or a checklist are answered here.
How to Budget Office Supplies: Reference Values per Employee 9 questions
- Do these values apply to every sector?
- Does hybrid work really lower the budget?
- How should price increases feed the budget?
- How does single-supplier consolidation affect the budget?
- What is the average cost of office supplies for a small business?
- What is the ongoing annual cost of hand sanitiser for a medium-sized office?
- How many paper hand towels does an office use per employee per month?
- How much should a small office budget annually for paper towels and their dispensers?
- Why calculate per group instead of one total?
e-Invoice and e-Waybill in Türkiye: What to Expect from Your Supplier 8 questions
- Should we avoid suppliers who aren’t e-Fatura taxpayers?
- Does e-Fatura vs e-Arşiv matter to the buyer?
- What changes at goods receipt with e-waybills?
- Do the thresholds change every year?
- Is e-invoicing mandatory in Türkiye in 2026?
- Who has to switch to e-invoicing on 1 July 2026?
- What if my supplier is not an e-invoice taxpayer?
- Which side’s threshold decides it — the seller’s or the buyer’s?
Purchase Request Form Template (Free Excel Download) 8 questions
- Can I request a quote without filling in the form?
- Which programs open the template?
- How many line items does it support?
- Why is the price column optional?
- What is a purchase request form?
- Who fills in a purchase request form?
- What are the steps of the purchasing process?
- What does the “equivalent accepted?” column do?
The Corporate Purchasing Process: 7 Steps from Request to Invoice 7 questions
- What are the five rights of purchasing?
- What does a purchasing department actually do?
- What should you watch out for in the purchasing process?
- What is the difference between a purchase request and a purchase order?
- How many quotes should be collected?
- Who should approve a purchase request?
- What should be checked at goods receipt?
Fluorescent to LED Replacement: Match Lumens, Not Watts 7 questions
- How many watts of LED replaces a 36 W fluorescent tube?
- Is an 18 W LED tube a direct replacement for a 36 W fluorescent?
- Why does my old fluorescent installation use more power than the lamp labels?
- Do LED tubes work with existing fluorescent ballasts?
- Is a 50,000-hour LED really five times better than a 20,000-hour fluorescent?
- Can I compare a lamp lumen figure with a luminaire lumen figure?
- What colour temperature should an office use?
B2B Buying Without a Credit Card: The Open Account & Term Invoice Guide 6 questions
- Can a foreign company buy from a Turkish supplier without a credit card?
- How long does it take to open an open account?
- What documents does a Turkish supplier ask for?
- Is VAT charged on an export order?
- Who pays the bank charges on an international transfer?
- What happens if we need to change the quantity after the order is placed?
Export Shipping from Türkiye: Incoterms, Documents and ISPM 15 Packaging 6 questions
- Do you ship outside Türkiye?
- Does the price include freight and duties?
- Is A.TR a certificate of origin?
- What is required if wooden pallets are used?
- Should a containerised shipment be FOB or FCA?
- Is there a minimum order for an export shipment?
New Office Setup: What to Buy, and in What Order 6 questions
- In what order should an office fit-out be bought?
- What is the longest lead time in an office fit-out?
- How much stationery should we buy for a new office?
- Why does the supplier need our floor plan?
- Should the moving materials be on the same order?
- Do we need to buy dispensers and refills together?
Original or Equivalent: Making the Call Line by Line 6 questions
- Is an equivalent always cheaper?
- Can a supplier ship an equivalent without asking?
- What happens if we leave the “equivalent accepted?” column blank?
- Does accepting an equivalent affect the warranty?
- Our group specification names a brand that is not sold in Türkiye. What now?
- Which items should never be opened to equivalents?
PPE Replacement Intervals: How Often Should Each Item Be Renewed? 6 questions
- Does a helmet age even while boxed in storage?
- Are PPE replacement intervals fixed one-by-one in law?
- Which records should we keep?
- Different brands declare different lives — what do we plan around?
- Is the replacement interval counted from purchase or from manufacture?
- Does an item have to be replaced the moment the interval expires?
Construction Site Mobilisation Checklist: The Complete Starter List 6 questions
- Does this list fit every site type?
- How do we estimate the mobilisation budget?
- Rent or buy?
- Do deliveries reach the site itself?
- What is the most common mobilisation mistake?
- How long does mobilisation take end to end?
How Supplier Count Affects Delivery Time 6 questions
- How does buying from a single manufacturer affect the delivery schedule?
- Is batch lead time the sum of the line lead times?
- Does cutting the supplier count speed up delivery?
- Can a buyer insist on partial shipment?
- What should I do when a delivery arrives incomplete?
- How do I measure my own on-time delivery rate?
Procurement in Türkiye: A Practical Guide for Foreign-Owned Operations 5 questions
- Can a foreign-owned company buy on account in Türkiye?
- What is the VAT rate in Türkiye?
- Is every Turkish supplier required to issue electronic invoices?
- Do EU PPE standards apply in Türkiye?
- Can one invoice cover deliveries to several sites?
Supplier Consolidation: 8 Advantages of Working with a Single Supplier 5 questions
- What is supplier consolidation?
- Is it risky to rely on one supplier?
- How is a framework agreement structured?
- Does consolidation always reduce unit prices?
- What should be kept out of a consolidation?
What Is MRO? Maintenance, Repair and Operations Supply 5 questions
- What does MRO stand for?
- Is MRO the same as indirect procurement?
- What percentage of spend is typically MRO?
- Should we hold stock of MRO items?
- How do we reduce the number of MRO suppliers?
Insights 3 questions
- Are these guides specific to Türkiye?
- Can I use these documents without buying anything?
- Why are there more guides in Turkish than in English?
Free calculators — 140 questions
“How many / how much / how long” questions are answered by a calculation, not a number — you run it yourself on these pages.
Hygiene Consumables Consumption Calculator 11 questions
- How many paper hand towels does an office use per employee per month?
- Roughly how many paper hand towels does a 100-employee company use in a year?
- How many toilet rolls does a 50-person office need per month?
- Why compare paper on metres rather than on price per roll?
- Do visitors really need a separate line in the calculation?
- Are free dispensers worth taking?
- How thick should bin liners be?
- What does a year of hand sanitiser cost for a medium-sized office?
- How much should an office budget annually for paper towel dispensers, refills and maintenance?
- Is the annual figure just the monthly one times twelve?
- Can you supply several sites on one invoice?
Cable Short-Circuit Thermal Withstand Calculator 8 questions
- What is a short-circuit thermal withstand calculation?
- What is the value of k?
- Why do you not publish the k table?
- Why does the result change above 300 mm²?
- The clearing time is very short — what should I enter?
- Doesn’t the adiabatic assumption break down below 0.1 s?
- Why is k different for a protective conductor?
- Is this check enough for a screened cable?
Batch Delivery Reliability Calculator 7 questions
- Does buying from one supplier make delivery faster?
- How is batch lead time calculated?
- Is partial shipment something a buyer can demand?
- What should I watch when accepting an incomplete delivery?
- Why is the range so wide?
- Is the product the worst case?
- Are the results sent to your servers?
Minimum Order Quantity and Pack Size Calculator 7 questions
- I need 140 pieces, the carton holds 24 and the minimum order is 200 — how many will I actually buy and what will I pay?
- What is a minimum order quantity (MOQ)?
- Does moving up a price tier always pay?
- What does surplus stock cost me per year?
- How does the pack unit distort a quote comparison?
- With a freight charge per order, should I order often or rarely?
- Why does the tool ask what I will do with the surplus?
Single-Source Risk and Second Supplier Calculator 7 questions
- Is single sourcing wrong?
- What does building a second supplier cost?
- If I have two suppliers, is the risk really halved?
- How am I supposed to know the outage probability?
- What exactly is the break-even probability?
- What should I do if a second source does not pay?
- For how many items should I build a second source?
Urgent Shipment Calculator — Air Freight or Road? 7 questions
- How many kilograms is 1 m³ in air freight?
- What is “desi”, and what is it divided by?
- How is the chargeable weight found?
- Why is road freight higher than expected on a long but light load?
- Can I still decide if I do not know the daily cost of the delay?
- Does splitting the shipment make sense?
- Does this calculator cover the loading metre?
Air Filter Energy and Change Interval Calculator 6 questions
- Is 450 Pa the right time to change an air filter?
- Why does the change trigger use two rules?
- Does a filter cost more in energy than it does to buy?
- What replaced the F7 and G4 filter classes?
- Do I need a pressure gauge on every filter bank?
- Can you supply filters to the sizes we already have?
CCTV Storage and PoE Budget Calculator 6 questions
- How many TB do 16 cameras need for 30 days?
- Does H.265 really halve the storage?
- Why does my 8 TB drive show as 7.3 TB?
- Can I use ordinary desktop drives in an NVR?
- How much PoE headroom should the switch have?
- Do you supply the whole system or only the cameras?
Emergency Lighting Lux and Luminaire Count Calculator 6 questions
- How many lux does an escape route need?
- Why is my luminaire count higher than the lumen method suggests?
- What is the emergency lumen output?
- How long must emergency lighting stay on?
- Do I need a luminaire at every exit even if the lux level is met?
- Are self-testing luminaires worth the extra cost?
Generator and UPS Sizing Calculator 6 questions
- What size generator do I need for a 30 kW load?
- Why is starting current so much larger than running current?
- Is a bigger generator always safer?
- What is the difference between ESP, PRP and COP ratings?
- Why does my UPS run for less time than the battery Ah suggests?
- Can you supply the generator consumables as well?
LED Conversion Savings and Payback Calculator 6 questions
- What LED wattage replaces a 36 W fluorescent tube?
- Why is my fluorescent luminaire drawing more than the lamp rating?
- How long should an LED conversion take to pay back?
- Does the calculation include maintenance savings?
- Can I keep the existing luminaire and fit an LED tube?
- Do you supply the luminaires and the installation materials together?
Workplace Catering Consumption Calculator 6 questions
- How much tea does an office of 50 people use per month?
- Why compare on cost per serving rather than price per kilo?
- Is a mains-fed water dispenser cheaper than carboys?
- How much should the meeting allowance be?
- Do disposable cups really matter in the budget?
- Can you deliver on a fixed day each month?
Office Supplies Budget Calculator 6 questions
- How much should office supplies cost per employee per month?
- Should hygiene supplies sit in the office budget or the facilities budget?
- Why is my actual spend higher than the calculated budget?
- How do I budget for a hybrid office?
- Is 8% the right buffer?
- Can you hold prices for a year?
Paint Quantity Calculator 6 questions
- How many litres of paint for a 4 × 5 metre room?
- Why does the calculator give a range instead of one number?
- Should I subtract doors and windows from the area?
- Do I need primer over an already painted wall?
- Why do two tins of the same colour look different?
- Can you supply the paint and the application materials together?
PPE Renewal and Budget Planner 6 questions
- How often should a safety helmet be replaced?
- Can a harness be reused after arresting a fall?
- How many disposable masks should I budget per person?
- Do hi-vis garments wear out before they look worn out?
- Does PPE expire in storage?
- Can you supply PPE with the conformity documents?
Printed Workwear and Promotional Textile Cost Calculator 6 questions
- Why is the unit price so much higher on a small order?
- How many stitches is a typical logo?
- Do I have to pay the digitising charge again on a repeat order?
- Which method is best for dark garments?
- Can you print on high-visibility garments?
- Do you supply the garments as well as the decoration?
Spare Parts Min/Max and Reorder Point Calculator 6 questions
- What is the formula for safety stock?
- What is the difference between the reorder point and the minimum stock?
- How do I estimate the deviation if I have no data?
- Why is my safety stock so high?
- Should the same service level apply to every part?
- Can you hold stock for us?
Supplier Consolidation Transaction Cost Calculator 6 questions
- What does an average purchase order cost to process?
- How do I measure what share of orders could be merged?
- Is it safe to consolidate down to a single supplier?
- Does consolidating always get a better price?
- What is the break-even price difference?
- Can you cover several categories on one account?
Carton Volume, Volumetric Weight and Pallet Fit Calculator 6 questions
- What is the difference between volumetric weight and desi?
- Which divisor applies to my shipment?
- Am I charged on actual or volumetric weight?
- Does splitting a shipment into smaller boxes cost less?
- Why was I billed for more than I calculated?
- Can you supply cartons in a non-standard size?
Pallet and Container Loading Calculator 5 questions
- How many EUR pallets fit in a 20' container?
- How many pallets fit on a trailer — 33 or 34?
- How do I know whether volume or weight is the binding limit?
- Are these numbers a guarantee?
- Do you handle the shipping as well as the goods?
Stretch Film Consumption and Cost Calculator 5 questions
- How many metres of film does one pallet need?
- Is thicker film always safer?
- What does 200% pre-stretch actually mean?
- Why compare film on cost per pallet rather than roll price?
- Do you supply machine film as well as hand film?
Supplier Evaluation Scorecard 5 questions
- What is a good supplier score?
- Should the weights always add up to 100?
- Can I add my own criteria?
- How often should suppliers be re-scored?
- Is this scorecard tied to any standard?
Product groups — 103 questions
What falls in each group, where the scope ends, and what to write when you ask for a quotation.
AV & Communication Systems 8 questions
- Do we need a licence to run an IP PBX?
- Can we use a consumer TV in a meeting room?
- How is display size chosen for a meeting room?
- Which microphone type suits which room?
- Do you install AV systems?
- Can you supply conference equipment to a venue in Antalya, İzmir or Bodrum?
- Do you rent AV equipment for a single event?
- Will equipment bought in Türkiye work with devices brought from abroad?
What We Supply — A to Z 6 questions
- Does AKSCO have a catalogue?
- Will you supply something that is not on this list?
- Why do the descriptions avoid brand names?
- Can I get these items as a Word or Excel document?
- Why does the unit column matter so much?
- Do you ship outside Türkiye?
Carpet, Flooring & Acoustics 5 questions
- Will carpet fix our open-plan noise problem?
- Which fire class should we specify?
- Which use class is needed for an office or a warehouse?
- How is acoustic panel quantity estimated?
- Do you lay flooring?
CCTV, Alarm & Access Control 5 questions
- Is there a maximum retention period for CCTV footage in Türkiye?
- Do we need employee consent for workplace cameras?
- How many cameras are needed for a given area?
- How much recording storage is required?
- Do you install security systems?
Cleaning & Hygiene Products 5 questions
- Can we receive safety documentation?
- Do you run monthly scheduled deliveries?
- How do you compare a concentrate with a ready-to-use cleaner?
- Do you supply safety data sheets with cleaning chemicals?
- Are dispensers and refills tied to each other?
Corporate Apparel & Promotional Items 5 questions
- Do you deliver items already printed?
- Is embroidery more expensive than printing?
- How are sizes collected for a bulk apparel order?
- How long does a printed apparel order take?
- Is artwork preparation included?
Electrical & Lighting 5 questions
- Are products certified?
- Can you quote against our BoQ?
- Why does the RCD type letter matter?
- Should luminaires be compared on watts or lumens?
- Can equivalents be used for panel components?
Food & Catering Supplies 5 questions
- Do you also supply coffee machines?
- How do you manage expiry dates?
- How much coffee and water should be ordered per employee?
- Should catering supplies be stocked ahead of a price increase?
- Do you supply the machines as well as the consumables?
Furniture & Office Equipment 5 questions
- Is assembly included?
- Can we see samples or fabric swatches?
- Is assembly included in a furniture quote?
- Can we see a sample or a fabric card before ordering?
- What lead time should we plan for an office fit-out?
HVAC, Air Conditioning & Filters 5 questions
- What replaces an F7 filter?
- At what pressure drop should filters be changed?
- How is a replacement filter identified?
- How often should filters be changed?
- Do you service air conditioning units?
Industrial MRO & Spare Parts 5 questions
- We only have the old part, no code. Can you supply it?
- How fast is the process in emergency downtime?
- How is the minimum stock level for a critical spare decided?
- Are equivalent parts acceptable in MRO?
- Can you source a part from a photograph or a nameplate?
IT Hardware & Technology 5 questions
- Do you provide corporate invoices and warranty?
- Are you tied to specific brands?
- Why do IT quotes have a short validity period?
- What is the difference between on-site and carry-in warranty?
- Can you supply hardware for a new office as a single delivery?
Office Kitchen & Breakroom 5 questions
- Is a staff canteen legally required?
- What should we ask a drinking-water supplier?
- How is boiler or coffee machine capacity chosen?
- How many cups should be in circulation?
- Do you install kitchen units and appliances?
Office & Stationery Supplies 5 questions
- Is there a minimum order value?
- Do you quote equivalent (non-branded) products?
- How much office paper does one employee use per year?
- Are compatible (non-OEM) toner cartridges acceptable?
- Can office supplies be delivered to several branches on one order?
Packaging & Shipping Supplies 5 questions
- Can you arrange custom-size boxes?
- Can you cover extra volume in peak season?
- Should box dimensions be given as internal or external?
- How is stretch film compared between suppliers?
- Can packaging be supplied with our own print?
Paint & Building Materials 5 questions
- Can you quote from our take-off list?
- Can we specify colour and brand?
- How much paint is needed per square metre?
- Can a standard roller be used with epoxy paint?
- What has to be in a floor coating specification?
Safety Equipment & PPE 5 questions
- Do you share CE/EN certificates?
- Can we order mixed sizes?
- Which documents should be supplied with PPE?
- How is PPE size collected for a large order?
- How often does PPE need replacing?
Safety Signage, Wayfinding & Boards 5 questions
- Must our signs comply with EN ISO 7010?
- Is photoluminescent signage mandatory?
- How is sign size chosen?
- What material should be used where?
- Do you install signage?
Tools & Hardware 5 questions
- Can we buy hundreds of units of a single item?
- How does power tool warranty work?
- What is the difference between an insulated tool and a plastic-handled tool?
- Should tools be bought as a set or individually?
- Can consumables and tools be quoted together?
Office Plants & Planters 4 questions
- Should we buy live or artificial plants?
- Do you provide plant maintenance?
- Which plants survive in an office with little natural light?
- How large should a planter be for a given plant?
Technical specifications — 6 questions
Questions that come up while writing a specification: naming a brand, measurable characteristics, acceptance criteria.
Technical Specification Templates and Purchasing Documents 6 questions
- Are these templates really free?
- Can I edit them?
- Why is there no price in the templates?
- What if my item is not in the list?
- Do the Excel formulas survive editing?
- Are these specific to Turkish law?
Industries — 27 questions
Power plants, factories, multi-branch organisations, warehouses, sites, healthcare and education.
Construction & Sites 4 questions
- Do you deliver directly to site?
- Can you help prepare a mobilisation list?
- Do you calculate paint and building material quantities?
- Can leftover material be returned at site closure?
Energy & Power Plants 4 questions
- Do you deliver directly to the plant site?
- Can several plants be supplied on one order?
- Can site consumables and PPE be sourced together?
- Can you support a planned maintenance outage?
Healthcare & Education 4 questions
- Do you distribute to departments within the institution?
- Can we plan a bulk purchase at the start of term?
- Can you calculate our hygiene consumption?
- How do you work with public institutions?
Logistics & Warehouses 4 questions
- How do we avoid running out during peak season?
- How do we measure our packaging consumption?
- Do you supply forklift and handling equipment parts?
- Which PPE class applies in a warehouse?
Manufacturing & Factories 4 questions
- How fast can you respond during a breakdown?
- Can you help build a critical spare parts list?
- Can different categories go on one order?
- Can periodic maintenance materials be planned ahead?
Multi-Branch Organisations 4 questions
- Do you deliver to each branch separately?
- Is a single invoice issued?
- Can branches place their own orders?
- How do we compare consumption between branches?
Industries 3 questions
- Do you supply different products to different sectors?
- Can you deliver to a construction site?
- Do you deliver to multiple locations on one order?
How we work — 51 questions
Quotations, payment terms, delivery and our publishing principles.
Frequently Asked Questions 26 questions
- Is there a minimum order value?
- How quickly are quotes prepared?
- Does quoting cost anything or create an obligation?
- Do we have to specify brands?
- Do you source hard-to-find items not in any catalogue?
- Which currency do you quote and invoice in?
- How is VAT handled on an export order?
- Are the goods insured in transit?
- Can we buy on account from the first order?
- Our company is registered outside Türkiye. What do you need to open an account?
- Is there a minimum order?
- Is a credit card required?
- Do you offer payment terms?
- Can invoices be split by branch or cost centre?
- Which regions do you deliver to?
- How long does delivery take?
- Can you deliver to multiple locations?
- Who pays the freight?
- Do you share conformity documents?
- How does warranty handling work?
- Are returns or exchanges possible?
- Can you provide samples?
- Can you run periodic (monthly) supply agreements?
- Do we have to sign a contract?
- How are we protected from price increases?
- Is our request data kept confidential?
Send your request in 60 seconds 6 questions
- Are prices VAT-inclusive?
- Which currency will the quote be in?
- Does requesting a quote commit me to anything?
- Is my list kept confidential?
- What format can I send my list in?
- How long does a quote take?
Editorial Standards and Sourcing Policy 5 questions
- Who writes these guides, and why is there no author byline?
- What should I do if something on a page is wrong?
- Are the dates on your pages real update dates?
- Does the site carry advertising or affiliate links?
- Can I use calculator results in a project?
Your needs list, priced and quoted within 1 business day . 5 questions
- Do you have a minimum order value?
- How do we pay? Is a credit card required?
- How fast do quotes arrive?
- Where does AKSCO deliver?
- Do payment terms apply to the first order?
One point of contact for corporate supply 3 questions
Contact 3 questions
Send the request, get the quote, leave the rest to us 3 questions
Send your list — your quote is ready within 1 business day.
A list, a photo or an Excel file — whatever is easiest. On standard items most quotes go out the same business day. Custom production, imports or 50+ line lists can take longer; when they do, we tell you the timeline in writing on the day we receive the request.